Nguồn Đế_quốc_Mali

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  • Levtzion, N. (1963). “The thirteenth- and fourteenth-century kings of Mali”. Journal of African History. 4 (3): 341–353. doi:10.1017/S002185370000428X. JSTOR 180027.
  • Levtzion, Nehemia; Hopkins, John F.P. biên tập (2000). Corpus of Early Arabic Sources for West Africa. New York: Marcus Weiner Press. ISBN 1-55876-241-8. First published in 1981 by Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-22422-5.
  • Piga, Adriana (2003). Islam et villes en Afrique au sud du Sahara: Entre soufisme et fondamentalisme. Paris: KARTHALA Editions. ISBN 2-84586-395-0.
  • Niane, D. T. (1994). Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali. Harlow: Longman African Writers. ISBN 0-582-26475-8.
  • Niane, D. T. (1975). Recherches sur l'Empire du Mali au Moyen Âge. Paris: Présence Africaine.
  • Charry, Eric S. (2000). Mande Music: Traditional and Modern Music of the Maninka and Mandinka of Western Africa. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. tr. 500 Pages. ISBN 0-226-10161-4.
  • Stiansen, Endre; Guyer, Jane I. (1999). Credit, Currencies and Culture: African Financial Institutions in Historical Perspective. Stockholm: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet. ISBN 91-7106-442-7.
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  • Taagepera, Rein (1979). “Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D.”. Social Science History. 3 (3/4): 115–138. doi:10.2307/1170959. JSTOR 1170959.
  • Thornton, John K. (1999). Warfare in Atlantic Africa 1500–1800. London and New York: Routledge. tr. 194 Pages. ISBN 1-85728-393-7.